The design of water supply and sanitation systems is a complex engineering process aimed at creating efficient and reliable systems that provide clean drinking water and manage wastewater in buildings, cities, and other areas. These systems play a crucial role in ensuring comfort, hygiene, and public health. Here are some key aspects of designing water supply and sanitation systems:

1. Water Demand Calculation: Designers analyze the water demand in a specific area or building. This includes determining the quantity of potable water consumed and accounting for its various uses, such as drinking, irrigation, industrial needs, and more.

2. Source Selection: Designers identify sources of potable water that can be connected to the system. This may include groundwater, surface water, water treatment plants, and water distribution networks.

3. Piping Design: The layout of pipelines and networks for water distribution is planned to deliver water to consumers. This includes determining pipe diameters, material specifications, linear routes, and other characteristics.

4. Ensuring Water Quality: Designing the water supply system includes measures to ensure high-quality drinking water, including filtration and chemical treatment.

5. Sanitation System Design: This involves the development of networks and systems for the collection and management of wastewater. Sanitation system design includes selecting methods for wastewater treatment and disposal.

6. Efficiency and Resource Conservation: Designing water supply and sanitation systems also focuses on increasing efficiency and resource conservation, including energy consumption and wastewater management.

7. Compliance with Regulations: Designing water supply and sanitation systems must comply with local and international standards and regulations, including sanitary requirements and environmental safety.

The design of water supply and sanitation systems is aimed at creating sustainable and efficient water resource management and maintaining high standards of hygiene and comfort.